Uji Zona Hambat Kombinasi Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium sativum) dan Buah Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia) terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli

Escherichia coli bacteria is the most common cause of gastroenteritis (diarrhea), urinary tract infections (UTI), food poisoning, and other clinical problems such as neonatal miningitis. Garlic (Allium sativum) and Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) are plants that have antimicrobial properties, which can be used against bacteria such as E. Coli. This study was conducted to determine the inhibition zone combination of garlic extract (Allium sativum) and Noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia) against gram negative bacteria E. Coli. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Microbiology at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, and has been ethically feasible. This study was divided into 4 groups with replications 6 times each; group P0 (sterile distilled water), P1 (50% garlic + 25% noni fruit), P2 (50% garlic + 50% noni fruit), P3 (50% garlic + 75% noni fruit). Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA test. The analysis results showed that the average diameter of the inhibition zone formed was the largest in group P1 (10.7 mm) and the smallest in group P0 (0 mm), while in P2 (9.89 mm), and P3 (9.77 mm). Based on the analysis test, the higher the concentration of noni fruit given to the extract combination resulted in the smaller diameter of the inhibition zone. This occurs due to the combination of garlic and Noni fruit has an antagonistic effect that depend on bacterial species, temperature, pH, chemical structure, chemical reactions, and concentrations or doses of antimicrobial compounds. The results also showed that there was no significant difference between group P1 and group P2, group P1 with group P3 and group P2 with group P3 showing p-value> 0.005

RF/SS system for wireless local loop

In this communication we deal with the use of direct sequence spread spectrum tecllniques for radio transmission in the local loop. We present a direct sequence spread-spectrum system that is being developed to transmit signals from ISDN-U [I] interfaces between subscriber premises and the local station. Some attention is' devoted to tlie IF and RF blocks

Mannose-binding lectin deficiency with eosinophilic meningoencephalitis due to Angiostrongylus cantonensis in children: a case series

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Eosinophilic meningitis, a potentially fatal disease caused by <it>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</it>, is considered an emerging infectious disease.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>Three Caucasian boys (aged five-years-old, 10-years-old and six-years-old) with a diagnosis of eosinophilic meningoencephalitis caused by <it>Angiostrongylus cantonensis </it>were studied. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, IgG, and complements C3c and C4 levels were quantified by using an immunodiffusion technique. Immunoglobulin E in serum was quantified by nephelometry and mannose-binding lectin by time-resolved fluorometry. Mannose-binding lectin deficiency was observed in the three patients. The first patient showed a reduction in the levels of IgA and IgM and an increase in the values of IgE and C4. The second patient showed a reduction in mannose-binding lectin level with increased IgG, C4 and IgE levels, and the third patient showed a decrease in mannose-binding lectin level and increased levels of IgM and complement C3c as well as a low level of C4.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of mannose-binding lectin deficiency associated with <it>Angiostrongylus cantonensis </it>meningoencephalitis in children, and it may contribute to the understanding of the participation of this component of the lectin pathway in the development of the disease.</p

The BOSS Emission-Line Lens Survey. III. : Strong Lensing of Lyα\alpha Emitters by Individual Galaxies

We introduce the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) Emission-Line Lens Survey (BELLS) for GALaxy-Ly$\alpha$ EmitteR sYstems (BELLS GALLERY) Survey, which is a Hubble Space Telescope program to image a sample of galaxy-scale strong gravitational lens candidate systems with high-redshift Ly$\alpha$ emitters (LAEs) as the background sources. The goal of the BELLS GALLERY Survey is to illuminate dark substructures in galaxy-scale halos by exploiting the small-scale clumpiness of rest-frame far-UV emission in lensed LAEs, and to thereby constrain the slope and normalization of the substructure-mass function. In this paper, we describe in detail the spectroscopic strong-lens selection technique, which is based on methods adopted in the previous Sloan Lens ACS (SLACS) Survey, BELLS, and SLACS for the Masses Survey. We present the BELLS GALLERY sample of the 21 highest-quality galaxy--LAE candidates selected from $\approx 1.4 \times 10^6$ galaxy spectra in the BOSS of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III. These systems consist of massive galaxies at redshifts of approximately 0.5 strongly lensing LAEs at redshifts from 2--3. The compact nature of LAEs makes them an ideal probe of dark substructures, with a substructure-mass sensitivity that is unprecedented in other optical strong-lens samples. The magnification effect from lensing will also reveal the structure of LAEs below 100 pc scales, providing a detailed look at the sites of the most concentrated unobscured star formation in the universe. The source code used for candidate selection is available for download as a part of this release.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJ (ApJ, 824, 86). Minor edits to match the ApJ published versio

Ecosystem modeling to evaluate the ecological sustainability of small-scale fisheries: A case study from El Hierro, Canary Islands

This paper examines various fishery management scenarios based on the recovery of small-scale fisheries (SSF) following a submarine volcanic eruption in 2011 in El Hierro Island (Canary Islands, Spain). After this catastrophic event, the SSF composition of La Restinga fishing community was affected by socio-economic and demographic changes. The uncertainty derived from this situation provides an opportunity to evaluate the fisheries’ sustainability and advice on different management options under an ecosystem-based approach. The Ecopath with Ecosim modeling framework was used to build a model of El Hierro Island, where the versatile and traditional multispecies small-scale fleet of La Restinga operates. Our main goal is to improve traditional fisheries, based on the relevance of key local fisheries and multi-specific fishery strategies in the light of scientific knowledge. Temporal simulations for the next decade were analyzed by creating scenarios of alternative fishing effort distributions based on the fishing trends observed in El Hierro small-scale community of La Restinga after a natural hazard. The outcomes of this modeling prototype show the vulnerability of some littoral and demersal species, the resilience of migratory species, and the sustainability of SSF diversification practices. These results could develop an adaptive and co-management strategy with the local fishing community to preserve the small-scale fishing system and marine resources.En prens

The effect of substituents on the syn-anti conformer ratio in naphthyl-based imidazolinium salts and their corresponding N-heterocyclic carbenes

Eight new N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) featuring substituted naphthyl side chains were synthesized. These molecules are present in solution as a stable mixture of antiand synconformers. Through careful tuning of the substituents on position 2 and 2,7 of the naphthyl moieties, it was possible to synthesize molecules that display a strong preference for the anticonformation (up to 95:5). This will greatly facilitate their optimized use as single isomeric ligands in metal-catalysis and as organocatalysts